AI State Policy in Belgium (Focus on Flanders Region Action Plan)

Abstract

This study examines Belgium's artificial intelligence (AI) strategy, focusing on its federated governance model that balances regional autonomy with national cohesion. Belgium's approach to AI governance, specifically through the Flanders AI Action Plan, reflects a decentralized structure that enables regional initiatives while supporting national AI objectives. The research analyzes the integration of AI strategies at both national and regional levels, highlighting the distinct roles of Flanders, Wallonia, and the Brussels-Capital Region. A multi-method approach, including expert interviews, document analysis, and comparative analysis, provides insights into Belgium’s strategy and the broader European context. Findings reveal that Belgium’s AI initiatives prioritize ethical standards, public trust, and competitiveness, aligning with EU guidelines. However, the country faces challenges in coordinating efforts across regions, fostering public trust, and addressing digital literacy. The study underscores the need for a unified communication strategy and enhanced key performance indicators (KPIs) for ethical and societal impacts. Belgium's model offers valuable insights into how federated governance structures can support technological advancement while respecting regional diversity and societal values, positioning it as a potential leader in responsible AI governance.